The Herbert and Florence Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics will continue its seminar series on the topic of mathematical sciences underpinning cancer research. The monthly seminars take place on the second Wednesday of the month, 2:00-3:00 PM EST. The presentations are open to the Columbia community (in person and online) and to researchers outside Columbia (via Zoom).
On Wednesday, February 11th (2:00 PM ET), IICD welcomes Dr. David Cheek from Harvard University. Seminar hosted by Dr. Simon Tavaré. The seminar will take place in person in Schermerhorn Hall 603 (Morningside Heights campus). If you wish to attend the seminar remotely, please register using the following link: https://columbiauniversity.zoom.us/meeting/register/5z2CNEXuR7KDIiJYUmIM4Q
Title: Age Distinguishes Selection from Causation in Cancer Genomes
Abstract: Which mutations cause cancer? This question is central to cancer biology and treatment development. Towards answers, hundreds of thousands of cancer genomes have been sequenced, and signals of positive selection in cancer genomes have implicated hundreds of genes as putative drivers. However, positive selection does not imply cancer causation: positively selected mutations pervade normal aging tissues, even in the absence of cancer. Here, we develop a probabilistic framework to disentangle selection in normal tissue and causation of carcinogenesis. We derive an estimator for mutations’ effects on cancer risk based on a comparison of cancer and normal tissue genomes, which we apply to the blood, esophagus, and colon. We show mathematically and empirically that stronger cancer-causing mutations are enriched in younger patients, enabling cancer-causing mutations to be identified from patient age distributions. We show moreover that the age-dependence of purported causal mutations in acute myeloid leukemia can be explained largely by normal blood evolution, challenging the long-standing notion that childhood cancers require distinct mutations. Broadly, our framework separates carcinogenesis from normal tissue aging, improving the assessment of cancer risk conferred by mutations.
Bio: David Cheek is a Research Fellow in Genetics at Harvard Medical School. His education was in mathematics at the universities of Oxford (undergraduate) and Edinburgh (PhD). Now he studies somatic evolution and carcinogenesis through the probabilistic lenses of branching processes.
If you would like to meet one-on-one (possibly via Zoom) or attend the lunch or dinner with the speaker, please contact the event organizer.