"The womb is an influential first home, as important as the one a child is raised in," study leader Catherine Monk, from the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, said in a statement.
Study co-author Dr. Elizabeth Oelsner, an internist at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, says the finding should dissuade people from taking up any amount of smoking.
The latest study “really did not come up with anything new,” said Dr. David Seres, director of medical nutrition at Columbia University, who wasn’t involved with the study.
“On a year to year basis, the safety and effectiveness of fertility treatments are just getting better,” says S. Zev Williams, MD, PhD, at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.
The results will need to be extrapolated with caution in children and in the American population in general, said Andrei Constantinescu, a pediatric pulmonologist at Columbia University.
"It seems reasonable that self-silencers would suffer from high levels of depression and anxiety, which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease," Dr. Jennifer Haythe told ABC News.
“Bundled payments are a straightforward way to make hospitals consider all the costs they are responsible for,” said Adam Sacarny, assistant professor with Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health.
