The results will need to be extrapolated with caution in children and in the American population in general, said Andrei Constantinescu, a pediatric pulmonologist at Columbia University.

“Bundled payments are a straightforward way to make hospitals consider all the costs they are responsible for,” said Adam Sacarny, assistant professor with Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health.

Marni Sommer of the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, researches and advises on menstrual health management in emergency contexts.

“We call autism one thing, but it’s different in every person,” said Wendy Chung, a professor of pediatric medicine at Columbia University and the principal investigator of SPARK.